por Emilio Urtubia
El 17 de octubre de 1961 en Paris, Francia. Tuvo lugar una brutal represión en contra de una manifestación pacífica de argelinos convocada por el FLN (Frente de Liberación Nacional, Argelia), terminando en una horrible masacre en contra sus de participantes. La prohibida manifestación fue para protestar en contra del toque de queda impuesto para todos los argelinos de Paris y contó con unos 30.000 asistentes. Aún no existe un acuerdo de los muertos por la represión, pero algunas cifras hablan de 600 muertos*, muy distante de las cifras oficiales que hablaban de 3 personas muertas, 55 heridas y 11.500 fueron detenidas.
Ésta protesta se dio en el contexto de la guerra de liberación del pueblo de Argelia iniciada en 1954, que luchaba en contra del régimen colonial al cual lo sometía Francia. En aquel año 1961, Charles de Gaulle era el presidente de Francia, y ya se negociaba un acuerdo con el FLN argelino, pues la guerra estaba prácticamente ganada por Argelia. La independencia de este país sería formalmente reconocida el 5 de julio de 1962.
Los argelinos fueron muertos a golpes en cuarteles de la policía, en la calle, arrojados al río Sena donde flotaban incluso días después. El racismo de parte de la sociedad francesa se agudizaba en la policía,más aún cuando eran derrotados militarmente por una de sus colonias más importantes. El odio racial se expandió no solo a los argelinos, sino a todo aquel que tuviese piel oscura, es así que cualquier persona con esas características podía ser detenida, golpeada, torturada, o asesinada. El jefe policial que supervisó las operaciones fue Maurice Papon (fallecido el 2007), quien recién en los ‘90s, fue condenado por crímenes de lesa humanidad cometidos durante el régimen de Petain en Vichy durante la ocupación nazi. Más nunca fue juzgado por los hechos del 17 de octubre del 61, conocidos como “La masacre de París”.
Luego de la matanza en 1966, el gobierno del general De Gaulle promulgó una ley de amnistía la cual imposibilitaba la investigación de los hechos ocurridos en aquel año, incluida otra matanza en la cual se asesinaron a manifestantes en contra de la guerra de Argel. Se censuraron libros y películas que describieron la fatídica jornada, así como a los periodistas se les prohibió investigar de los hechos. Aunque algunos antecedentes han sido investigados, las autoridades aún niegan abrir la totalidad de los archivos que darían con más responsables aparte de Papon.
*http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2015/01/10/opinion/017a1mun
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