por “Chancho e’ Goma”
Publicado en resumen.cl el 22 septiembre 2014
El 22 de septiembre no es un día cualquiera para una parte importante de esta sociedad, sobre todo para los que dependen del negocio de las exportaciones e importaciones. Conmemoramos el Día del Trabajador Portuario de Chile, en este número junto con rendir un homenaje a nuestros mártires asesinados por la dictadura militar el 22 de septiembre de 1973 en San Antonio, el boletín “Chancho e’ Goma” quiere dejar un mensaje a los jóvenes que hoy se integran a este hermoso oficio.
Desde que Chile existe como república, es que el trabajo portuario se realiza, los jornales y lancheros en el siglo XIX fueron quienes dieron el inicio a nuestro gremio, organización y lucha fueron la base de esta organización. En el camino siempre hemos tenido que lidiar con la ambición de los mercaderes y políticos; nos han aplicado la fuerza para detener nuestras legítimas aspiraciones. La matanza en Valparaíso en 1903, ordenada por el gobierno, pero dirigida por la Sudamericana de Vapores, es un ejemplo, también el asesinato de Samuel Núñez González, Héctor Rojo Alfaro, Armando Jiménez Machuca y Guillermo Álvarez Cañas quienes cayeron defendiendo la organización de los trabajadores en San Antonio en 1973 (sindicato). Estos hechos nos tienen que marcar un precedente: los trabajadores sólo podemos confiar en nuestras propias fuerzas para conquistar nuestros sueños. También debemos recordar que en el tiempo han caído muchos compañeros en estas faenas dentro de los recintos portuarios, otros con mejor suerte están con secuelas permanentes producto de algún accidente; muchos no sabemos qué enfermedades contraemos al estar en contacto con los diferentes productos y debido a los esfuerzos físicos que debemos realizar. Este es nuestro trabajo, muy importante para el desarrollo de cualquier nación, y en Chile, debido a nuestra geografía, es de suma importancia. Hace 4 años que decidimos que teníamos que tener un día para recordar a nuestros mártires, pero también para decirles a la sociedad chilena que más allá de la televisión y de los mall, existe una cultura que lleva más años que nuestra república, sí compañeros, nosotros somos una cultura, con un lenguaje, con una forma de vivir, de amar, de sentir….y si hoy el gobierno y los honorables del congreso de la república nos distinguen con un día oficial para nosotros, no es porque se les haya ocurrido, sino porque nosotros, con nuestra lucha, los obligamos a hacerlo.
En las principales ciudades puertos del mundo se han levantado monumentos a nuestra labor; en estos países, se ha reconocido públicamente nuestra importancia para la sociedad. Si miramos en cada ciudad o comuna donde existe un puerto, nos daremos cuenta que somos quienes levantan la economía local, compramos en los boliches, supermercados, mercados, peluquerías, botillerías y cantinas, pub y prostíbulos, etc. Las comunas, no son comunas así no más, tienen apellidos, son comunas portuarias, ya que nuestra labor directa o indirectamente está afectando todo su quehacer diario.
Aquí en Talcahuano, antes de la última elección de alcalde, el señor Gastón Saavedra se comprometió para desarrollar el proyecto del monumento al trabajador portuario, esto fue en una reunión sostenida en el Sindicato de Estibadores de San Vicente, las promesas hay que cumplirlas ¿o no?
Se vienen más desafíos, no digo nuevos, ya que desde el año 2004 que estamos con estas ideas, la regulación del sector, las enfermedades que se generan en este trabajo y que no son reconocidas por las mutuales, las pensiones a los 55 años ya que este es un trabajo de alto riesgo que a esa edad y al ritmo que las nuevas tecnologías imponen en los puertos es difícil de desarrollar.
Somos un sector que tiene mucha historia, logramos una ley (la llamada Ley Corta) que nos entrega algunos beneficios, y a quienes nos toca vivir este momento histórico, somos los encargados de defender lo ganado, para que no se pierda en el tiempo, tarea para nuestros jóvenes, aprendan no tan sólo a desarrollar las faenas, sino que también a luchar por mantener y mejorar lo que tenemos.
La necesidad de luchar unidos con otros sectores
El presente artículo busca mostrar las razones por las que es necesario luchar por nuestras demandas unidos a otros sectores productivos, más allá del concepto moral de considerar a los demás trabajadores como iguales dado que ellos viven las mismas condiciones materiales con sus familias y subsisten trabajando y “rompiéndose el lomo” como también lo hacemos nosotros. Pero además de ello tenemos que tener presente los siguientes aspectos en nuestras futuras luchas.
Para empezar hay que entender que el trabajo portuario no es el que genera la riqueza, sino el que entrega un servicio estratégico a los sectores económicos que producen los bienes que constituyen el ingreso del país, por lo tanto cualquier cambio en los puertos siempre va a afectar (en mayor o menor grado) a la industria que son los clientes de ellos. Lo segundo es que las demandas actuales de la Unión apuntan a cambios dentro de la industria, tanto en la forma de que esta opera, en como distribuye los ingresos, etc, lo que significará cambios- en algunos casos profundos- en las cadena de producción de los productos que movilizamos, o sea en nuestro caso afectará a quienes trabajan tanto plantando el árbol como hasta los que traen la celulosa o la madera al puerto. Por lo mismo, para legitimar la lucha y no permitir que las empresas impidan los cambios escudándose que afectará el empleo y las condiciones laborales de los demás, es que se deben incorporar a todos los que participan en la cadena, principalmente a quienes generan los productos que se exportan.
Por otra parte se debe entender que el sector portuario ya no es quien absorbe buena parte de los costos de producción y exportación como antiguamente (que era cerca del 18% de todos los gastos), sino que producto de la alta competencia generada entre puertos, el ingreso de los clientes como propietarios de terminales (Coronel que es de propiedad de Arauco S.A o Lirquén de CMPC S.A) y algunas mejoras logísticas, han reducido la participación del sector a un 4% del total del dinero movilizado en las exportaciones. Pero a pesar de ello, se sigue siendo el cuello de botella de la movilización de recursos, lo que da un gran poder de negociación, por lo cual se puede liderar un proceso que busque una mejor distribución y condiciones no sólo del sector, sino ahora de toda la cadena de producción. Claro ejemplo lo dio recientemente el Sindicato Único Portuario de Huasco que uniéndose con los mineros del hierro y los trabajadores de las contratistas del rubro lograron un bono anual permanente de $1.000.000 líquidos por trabajador, el que será cancelado por los clientes del puerto que son CAP y AES GENER (dueño de las termoeléctricas). Ellos demostraron con hechos que la Unión no solo de los trabajadores de un sector, sino que de toda la cadena de producción son una fuerza aún más poderosa y que puede apostar a asuntos aún más grandes que las actuales demandas.
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