por Manuel Díaz Calfiú
Wiñol Xipantu (popularmente conocido como el año nuevo Mapuche) es un encuentro que se celebra durante los cambios que se producen en el solsticio de invierno, en la segunda quincena del mes de junio de cada año.
Como es tradición desde hace milenios para muchos de los pueblos originarios del mundo, incluido el Mapuche, se festeja por el reinicio del ciclo de vida y de renovación en la naturaleza y la importancia que tiene este proceso en nuestra cosmovisión (concepción de la vida).
En nuestro caso, se pide a las divinidades y ancestros por el renacer de la vida y la bonanza para nuestro Pueblo. Tras el Wiñol Xipantu comienzan a brotar con nuevos bríos los árboles y plantas medicinales, los animales tienen crías y por las vertientes secas vuelve a emerger agua. No es un proceso que se termina sino un ciclo que se renueva.
En nuestras comunidades, el cambio de posición del sol se espera en familia, y al calor del fogón se cuentan distintas historias y cuentos tradicionales acompañados de comida y música. Al amanecer se ora y se baja a las quebradas y ríos para sumergirse y renovar así el newen (fuerza interna) al contacto con la naturaleza, los ñienko (dueños del agua) y la mapu ñuke (madre tierra). Tras ésto, los niños mandados por sus padres azotan a los árboles con el propósito de que no sean flojos y den más frutos que en el ciclo anterior. Se vuelve al hogar y se sigue compartiendo en familia.
En los últimos siglos, la Iglesia Católica tras sus intentos de evangelización mundial ha intentado colonizar las tradiciones anteriores a ella desvirtuando la celebración de esta festividad de los pueblos originarios por considerarla como pagana he introdujeron astutamente la fiesta de San Juan, donde varios de los ritos ancestrales se confundieron con celebraciones cristianas y populares.
En la actualidad, el Wiñol Xipantu ya no sólo se celebra en el campo. La mitad de la población Mapuche vive en las ciudades producto del despojo de nuestro territorio y varios no olvidan esta antigua tradición. Si bien el escenario para nuestro Pueblo ha cambiado como consecuencia del genocidio y usurpación por parte del estado chileno y argentino y la asimilación forzada a la cultura occidental, muchos Mapuche en la búsqueda de su identidad, del rescate de nuestra cultura y en el proyecto de reconstrucción nacional lo reivindican fuertemente por estos días.
Muchos lo celebrarán en el campo, otros tantos en la ciudad y algunos en la prisión política; lo importante es no olvidar a nuestros Peñi y Lamuen que luchan y recordar que en este Wiñol Xipantu, junto con pedir mucha fuerza y buenos augurios para nuestro Pueblo- Nación Mapuche a Wenumapu chaw y Wenumapu ñuke, se deben sumar además la exigencia de Libertad a nuestros kona encarcelados, juicio y castigo para el mayor Marcos Aurelio Treuer (en servicio activo) que asesinó a Alex Lemún, la misma justicia por los asesinatos de Matías Catrileo y Jaime Mendoza Collio, recordando además a Zenón Díaz Nekul, Julio Wentekura, Jorge Suárez Mariwán, Lonko Juan Colihuin, Jhony Cariqueo, Mireya Figueroa y a tantos otros que ya no nos acompañan físicamente en estos días; pedir por el cese de los allanamientos y represión a las comunidades, que nuestros niños, ancianos y mujeres no sufran más agresiones institucionalizadas ni terrorismo de Estado, que nuestra solidaridad y movilizaciones aumenten, y para que este gigante momentáneamente dormido se vuelva a levantar y se libere…
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