Por Luis Cortés
El jueves 28 de mayo, pocas horas antes de la masiva marcha en contra de la represión, carabineros finalmente asumió la responsabilidad de sus efectivos por las agresiones que llevaron al precario estado de salud en el que se encuentra Rodrigo Avilés. La institución, apresuradamente, desvinculó al funcionario que manejaba el guanaco –actuación al parecer ilegal, pues no medió un procedimiento administrativo– y anunció que continuará la investigación ya que “hay que determinar otras responsabilidades de los jefes de zona”.
Ante una situación de riesgo para un organismo, el instinto selecciona la parte más prescindible y la sacrifica para asegurar la supervivencia del conjunto. Ese carabinero probablemente no tiene amigos importantes ni un futuro político y, probablemente también, no estaba vivo ni tuvo la oportunidad de encubrir cosas en dictadura que para otros significó la posibilidad de tener cargos. O sea, era un tipo que nunca iba a usufructuar de la represión brutal en la que participaba ejercida contra los manifestantes.
Hoy ya sabemos el nombre de aquella incógnita: el sargento Manuel Noya. Se le hizo una breve entrevista televisiva en su casa donde muestra su desconcierto ante la situación en la cual se ve envuelto, reafirmando la inconsistente versión de la institución. La individualización corporativa se ha transmutado a una mediática, y para esto la nota se preocupa de crear empatía al máximo. La represión tiene un nombre y apellido, una casa y una vieja lesión que se tomó con humor.
Desde la izquierda criticamos a Carabineros por ser una institución cobarde, corrupta e irracional. Pero dentro de todas las cosas nefastas que día a día hacen, esto me parece que es lo que más delata su sentido: nunca se sacan la capucha de la orgánica y dan la cara. Tratar de culparlos de cualquier cosa es dar manotazos de ahogado. Esta vez no es distinto: El sargento fue destituido para que toda la cadena de mando que está arriba de él, llegando hasta el ejecutivo, pudiera seguir parasitando. Para que la institucionalidad subsista.
Por eso, para criticar la represión tenemos que hacernos cargo de su carácter difuso: pensar su naturaleza sistémica significa atacar las condiciones institucionales que la hacen posible.
Se ha levantado como demanda el juzgamiento por justicia civil de los responsables del estado de Avilés y el fin de la justicia militar como un sistema privilegiado de juzgamiento. Si bien el asesino de Manuel Gutiérrez es un ejemplo de lo grotesco de esta justicia, subsiste la pregunta: ¿otorgar una pena real al ejecutor directo de políticas de Estado hubiera hecho justicia?
También se ha propuesto una modificación profunda a la formación de Carabineros. Pero hay que considerar sus limitaciones: no actúan como lo hacen por tener ideas equivocadas. Hay todo un entramado de relaciones sociales que hacen posible su brutal actuar. Tener buena voluntad no obstará, salvo contadas excepciones, a que ellos tengan familias que alimentar y un trabajo que cumplir.
Una deman
da política inmediata en este sentido podría ser desmilitarizar la policía. Una segunda, pedir que se disminuya el gasto militar y especialmente en Carabineros. Ambas atacan las condiciones materiales que hacen posible su mantenimiento y disminuyen inmediatamente su efectividad hacia los movimientos sociales.
Es necesario terminar con la existencia de las fuerzas armadas como cuerpos dirigidos a la administración de la represión estatal, y transferir ese poder al pueblo organizado. Aunque incluso teniendo este horizonte, todas las demandas aquí propuestas no son radicales sino que podrían ser adoptadas perfectamente por un liberal consecuente. Son demandas que ciertos sectores de Syriza ya han levantado con el fin de desarticular las redes fascistas dentro de la policía griega.
Más allá de las demandas concretas, en algo todos podemos estar de acuerdo: nadie se puede sentir satisfecho con la baja de este carabinero. Nadie.
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